Mutual aid : a factor of evolution / Pierre KROPOTKINE / Boston [USA] : extending horizons books (1955)

ISBD Public Mutual aid : a factor of evolution [texte imprimé] / Pierre KROPOTKINE (1842-1921) ; Ashley MONTAGU ; Thomas Henry HUXLEY . - Boston [USA] : extending horizons books, 1955 . - XIX+362 p. ; 21 cm. - (Pelicans; march 1939, A49) . Appendix. Index Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : ANIMAUX ; ANTHROPOLOGIE ; ÉTHIQUE ; PHILOSOPHIE:Mutualisme ; SOLIDARITÉ Résumé : Foreword/ Ashley Montagu Preface to the 1914 edition Introdution Chapter 1 Mutual Aid Among Animals Struggle for existence. -- Mutual Aid -- a law of Nature and chief factor of progressive evolution. -- Invertebrates. -- Ants and Bees -- Birds: Hunting and fishing associations. -- Sociability. -- Mutual protection among small birds. -- Cranes; parrots. Chapter 2 Mutual Aid Among Animals (continued) Migrations of birds.-- Breeding associations. -- Autumn societies. -- Mammals: small number of unsociable species. -- Hunting associations of wolves, lions, etc. -- Societies of rodents; of ruminants; of monkeys. -- Mutual Aid in the struggle for life. -- Darwin's arguments to prove the struggle for life within the species. -- Natural checks to over-multiplication. -- Supposed extermination of intermediate links. -- Elimination of competition in Nature. Chapter 3 Mutual Aid Among Savages Supposed war of each against all. -- Tribal origin of human society. -- Late appearance of the separate family. -- Bushmen and Hottentots. -- Australians, Papuas. -- Eskimos, Aleoutes. -- Features of savage life difficult to understand for the European. -- The Dayak's conception of justice. -- Common law. Chapter 4 Mutual Aid Among the Barbarians The great migrations. -- New organization rendered necessary. -- The village community. -- Communal work. -- Judicial procedure -- Inter-tribal law. -- Illustrations from the life of our contemporaries -- Buryates. -- Kabyles. -- Caucasian mountaineers. -- African stems. Chapter 5 Mutual Aid in the Mediaeval City Growth of authority in Barbarian Society. -- Serfdom in the villages. -- Revolt of fortified towns: their liberation; their charts. -- The guild. -- Double origin of the free mediæval city. -- Self-jurisdiction, self-administration. -- Honourable position of labour. -- Trade by the guild and by the city. Chapter 6 Mutual Aid in the Mediaeval City (continued) Likeness and diversity among the medi&ealig;val cities. -- The craftguilds: State-attributes in each of them. -- Attitude of the city towards the peasants; attempts to free them. -- The lords. -- Results achieved by the mediæval city: in arts, in learning. -- Causes of decay. Chapter 7 Mutual Aid Amongst Ourselves Popular revolts at the beginning of the State-period. -- Mutual Aid institutions of the present time. -- The village community; its struggles for resisting its abolition by the State. -- Habits derived from the village-community life, retained in our modern villages. -- Switzerland, France, Germany, Russia. Chapter 8 Mutual Aid Amongst Ourselves (continued) Labour-unions grown after the destruction of the guilds by the State. -- Their struggles. -- Mutual Aid in strikes. -- Co-operation. -- Free associations for various purposes. -- Self-sacrifice. -- Countless societies for combined action under all possible aspects. -- Mutual Aid in slum-life. -- Personal aid. Conclusion Appendix A I Swarms of Butterflies, Dragon-Flies, Etc. II The Ants III Nesting Associations IV Sociability of Animals V Checks to Over-Multiplication VI Adaptations to Avoid Competition VII The Origin of the Family VIII Destruction of Private Property on the Grave IX The Undivided Family X The Origin of the Guilds. XI The Market and the Mediaeval City XII Mutual-Aid Arrangements in the Villages of Netherlands at the Present Day Appendix B The struggle for existence / Thomas H. Huxley Mention de responsabilité : Petr Kropotkin ; foreword by Ashley Montagu Permalink : https://www.cira.ch/catalogue/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=7243 Titre : Mutual aid : a factor of evolution Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Pierre KROPOTKINE (1842-1921) ; Ashley MONTAGU ; Thomas Henry HUXLEY Editeur : Boston [USA] : extending horizons books Année de publication : 1955 Collection : Pelicans num. march 1939, A49 Importance : XIX+362 p. Format : 21 cm Note générale : Appendix. Index Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : ANIMAUX ; ANTHROPOLOGIE ; ÉTHIQUE ; PHILOSOPHIE:Mutualisme ; SOLIDARITÉ Résumé : Foreword/ Ashley Montagu Preface to the 1914 edition Introdution Chapter 1 Mutual Aid Among Animals Struggle for existence. -- Mutual Aid -- a law of Nature and chief factor of progressive evolution. -- Invertebrates. -- Ants and Bees -- Birds: Hunting and fishing associations. -- Sociability. -- Mutual protection among small birds. -- Cranes; parrots. Chapter 2 Mutual Aid Among Animals (continued) Migrations of birds.-- Breeding associations. -- Autumn societies. -- Mammals: small number of unsociable species. -- Hunting associations of wolves, lions, etc. -- Societies of rodents; of ruminants; of monkeys. -- Mutual Aid in the struggle for life. -- Darwin's arguments to prove the struggle for life within the species. -- Natural checks to over-multiplication. -- Supposed extermination of intermediate links. -- Elimination of competition in Nature. Chapter 3 Mutual Aid Among Savages Supposed war of each against all. -- Tribal origin of human society. -- Late appearance of the separate family. -- Bushmen and Hottentots. -- Australians, Papuas. -- Eskimos, Aleoutes. -- Features of savage life difficult to understand for the European. -- The Dayak's conception of justice. -- Common law. Chapter 4 Mutual Aid Among the Barbarians The great migrations. -- New organization rendered necessary. -- The village community. -- Communal work. -- Judicial procedure -- Inter-tribal law. -- Illustrations from the life of our contemporaries -- Buryates. -- Kabyles. -- Caucasian mountaineers. -- African stems. Chapter 5 Mutual Aid in the Mediaeval City Growth of authority in Barbarian Society. -- Serfdom in the villages. -- Revolt of fortified towns: their liberation; their charts. -- The guild. -- Double origin of the free mediæval city. -- Self-jurisdiction, self-administration. -- Honourable position of labour. -- Trade by the guild and by the city. Chapter 6 Mutual Aid in the Mediaeval City (continued) Likeness and diversity among the medi&ealig;val cities. -- The craftguilds: State-attributes in each of them. -- Attitude of the city towards the peasants; attempts to free them. -- The lords. -- Results achieved by the mediæval city: in arts, in learning. -- Causes of decay. Chapter 7 Mutual Aid Amongst Ourselves Popular revolts at the beginning of the State-period. -- Mutual Aid institutions of the present time. -- The village community; its struggles for resisting its abolition by the State. -- Habits derived from the village-community life, retained in our modern villages. -- Switzerland, France, Germany, Russia. Chapter 8 Mutual Aid Amongst Ourselves (continued) Labour-unions grown after the destruction of the guilds by the State. -- Their struggles. -- Mutual Aid in strikes. -- Co-operation. -- Free associations for various purposes. -- Self-sacrifice. -- Countless societies for combined action under all possible aspects. -- Mutual Aid in slum-life. -- Personal aid. Conclusion Appendix A I Swarms of Butterflies, Dragon-Flies, Etc. II The Ants III Nesting Associations IV Sociability of Animals V Checks to Over-Multiplication VI Adaptations to Avoid Competition VII The Origin of the Family VIII Destruction of Private Property on the Grave IX The Undivided Family X The Origin of the Guilds. XI The Market and the Mediaeval City XII Mutual-Aid Arrangements in the Villages of Netherlands at the Present Day Appendix B The struggle for existence / Thomas H. Huxley Mention de responsabilité : Petr Kropotkin ; foreword by Ashley Montagu Permalink : https://www.cira.ch/catalogue/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=7243

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Cote	Support	Section	Statut	Disponibilité
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